57 research outputs found
Définitions des ressources naturelles et implications pour la démarche juridique
Contribution publiĂ©e in Penser une dĂ©mocratie alimentaire Volume II â Proposition Lascaux entre ressources naturelles et besoins fondamentaux, F. Collart Dutilleul et T. BrĂ©ger (dir), Inida, San JosĂ©, 2014, pp. 71-77International audienceLa construction dâun droit dĂ©diĂ© aux ressources naturelles nĂ©cessite de sâaccorder prĂ©alablement sur les notions clĂ©s. A cet Ă©gard, les choix effectuĂ©s ne seront pas indiffĂ©rents ou dĂ©pourvus de consĂ©quences : ils reflĂštent les valeurs considĂ©rĂ©es comme fondamentales dans nos sociĂ©tĂ©s. Bien que les choix de vocabulaire soient essentiellement des choix politiques, nous soutenons que le concept lĂ©gal de « ressources naturelles » devrait satisfaire aux objectifs de maintien des systĂšmes supportant la vie sur Terre et de satisfaction des besoins fondamentaux humains
Testing the recent theories for the origin of the hermaphrodite flower by comparison of the transcriptomes of gymnosperms and angiosperms
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Different theories for the origin of the angiosperm hermaphrodite flower make different predictions concerning the overlap between the genes expressed in the male and female cones of gymnosperms and the genes expressed in the hermaphrodite flower of angiosperms. The Mostly Male (MM) theory predicts that, of genes expressed primarily in male versus female gymnosperm cones, an excess of male orthologs will be expressed in flowers, excluding ovules, while Out Of Male (OOM) and Out Of Female (OOF) theories predict no such excess.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this paper, we tested these predictions by comparing the transcriptomes of three gymnosperms (<it>Ginkgo biloba</it>, <it>Welwitschia mirabilis </it>and <it>Zamia fisheri</it>) and two angiosperms (<it>Arabidopsis thaliana </it>and <it>Oryza sativa</it>), using EST data. We found that the proportion of orthologous genes expressed in the reproductive organs of the gymnosperms and in the angiosperms flower is significantly higher than the proportion of orthologous genes expressed in the reproductive organs of the gymnosperms and in the angiosperms vegetative tissues, which shows that the approach is correct. However, we detected no significant differences between the proportion of gymnosperm orthologous genes expressed in the male cone and in the angiosperms flower and the proportion of gymnosperm orthologous genes expressed in the female cone and in the angiosperms flower.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results do not support the MM theory prediction of an excess of male gymnosperm genes expressed in the hermaphrodite flower of the angiosperms and seem to support the OOM/OOF theories. However, other explanations can be given for the 1:1 ratio that we found. More abundant and more specific (namely carpel and ovule) expression data should be produced in order to further test these theories.</p
A Natural Resource-Systems approach: Targeting the Ecological Transition at the Regional Scale
Chapitre de lâouvrage collectif Penser une dĂ©mocratie alimentaire Volume II â Proposition Lascaux entre ressources naturelles et besoins fondamentaux, F. Collart Dutilleul et T. BrĂ©ger (dir), Inida, San JosĂ©, 2014, pp. 143-167.International audienceHuman history can be mirrored in a geo-history of natural resources. Humans, by over-exploiting resources (âforcingâ), have produced extensive land use changes and have altered complex food webs, ecosystems, and habitats with as a consequence systematic natural biocapacity erosion, biodiversity loss, energy crises, pollution, climate deregulation. In other terms, a global resources ârushâ has led to chronic socio-ecosystemic deficits, thus creating the conditions for local and global state shifts within the biosphere and / or society.Therefore, research must serve to increase human understanding of those resources and how best to use them for the public good
The Influence of Age, Location and Soil Conditions on the Allometry of Young Norway Spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) Trees
In this study the influence of treeâs age, location (i.e. latitude and altitude) and soil conditions (i.e. pH, humus content, carbon to nitrogen ratio, cation exchange capacity and percent base saturation) on tree allometry was investigated. The data was collected from 22 Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) plantations located in Eastern Carpathians of Romania, aged between 4 and 15. From each plantation a soil sample and 10 trees were collected for soil chemical properties and biomass measurements, respectively. Root collar diameter (RCD) and height (H) based allometric equations were developed for total tree and vegetative organs of the tree (i.e. stem, branches, needles and roots). Furthermore, the interaction between the
standardised residuals of these models and the tested factors was analysed. In order to account for the random effect of the clustered data, the mixed-effect modelling procedure was used. The results have shown no influence of these factors (age, location and soil conditions) on RCD based models, except for branches biomass model which was linked to soil carbon/nitrogen ratio. The H based models, however, were significantly influenced by latitude and soil cation exchange capacity as a consequence of H/RCD ratio change with these factors. The trees were more likely to allocate more to height growth when growing in higher latitudes or on soils with higher values of cation exchange capacity
Pour une démocratie socio-environnementale : cadre pour une plate-forme participative « transition écologique »
Contribution publiĂ©e in Penser une dĂ©mocratie alimentaire Volume II â Proposition Lascaux entre ressources naturelles et besoins fondamentaux, F. Collart Dutilleul et T. BrĂ©ger (dir), Inida, San JosĂ©, 2014, pp. 87-111.International audienceLâanthropocĂšne triomphant actuel, avec ses forçages environnementaux et sociaux, est Ă lâorigine de lâaccĂ©lĂ©ration des dĂ©gradations des milieux de vie sur Terre et de lâaccentuation des tensions sociales et gĂ©opolitiques. Passer Ă un anthropocĂšne de gestion Ă©quitable, informĂ© et sobre vis-Ă -vis de toutes les ressources et dans tous les secteurs dâactivitĂ© (slow anthropocene), impose une analyse prĂ©alable sur lâensemble des activitĂ©s et des rapports humains. Cette transition dite « Ă©cologique », mais en rĂ©alitĂ© Ă la fois sociĂ©tale et Ă©cologique, est tout sauf un ajustement technique de secteurs dits prioritaires et technocratiques. Elle est avant tout culturelle, politique et philosophique au sens propre du terme. Elle est un horizon pour des trajectoires de dĂ©veloppement humain, pour des constructions sociales et Ă©conomiques, censĂ©es redĂ©finir socialement richesse, bien-ĂȘtre, travail etc. La dĂ©nomination « transition Ă©cologique » est largement vĂ©hiculĂ©e, mais ses bases conceptuelles ne sont pas entiĂšrement acquises ni mĂȘme Ă©laborĂ©es. Dans ce contexte, les Ă©tudiants en premiĂšre annĂ©e de Master BioSciences Ă lâEcole Normale SupĂ©rieure (ENS) de Lyon ont prĂ©parĂ© une premiĂšre Ă©tude analytique de ce changement radical et global de sociĂ©tĂ© pour mieux comprendre dans quelle sociĂ©tĂ© ils souhaitent vivre, en donnant du sens aux activitĂ©s humaines prĂ©sentes et Ă venir. Une trentaine de dossiers sur divers secteurs dâactivitĂ©s et acteurs de la sociĂ©tĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© produits et ont servis de support Ă cette synthĂšse. Plus largement, le but est de construire un socle conceptuel et une plate-forme de travail sur lesquels les questions de fond, mais aussi opĂ©rationnelles, peuvent ĂȘtre posĂ©es et Ă©tudiĂ©es en permanence. Cette dĂ©marche participative est ouverte Ă la collectivitĂ© sur le site http://institutmichelserres.ens-lyon.fr/
GeneFarm, structural and functional annotation of Arabidopsis gene and protein families by a network of experts
Genomic projects heavily depend on genome annotations and are limited by the current deficiencies in the published predictions of gene structure and function. It follows that, improved annotation will allow better data mining of genomes, and more secure planning and design of experiments. The purpose of the GeneFarm project is to obtain homogeneous, reliable, documented and traceable annotations for Arabidopsis nuclear genes and gene products, and to enter them into an added-value database. This re-annotation project is being performed exhaustively on every member of each gene family. Performing a family-wide annotation makes the task easier and more efficient than a gene-by-gene approach since many features obtained for one gene can be extrapolated to some or all the other genes of a family. A complete annotation procedure based on the most efficient prediction tools available is being used by 16 partner laboratories, each contributing annotated families from its field of expertise. A database, named GeneFarm, and an associated user-friendly interface to query the annotations have been developed. More than 3000 genes distributed over 300 families have been annotated and are available at http://genoplante-info.infobiogen.fr/Genefarm/. Furthermore, collaboration with the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics is underway to integrate the GeneFarm data into the protein knowledgebase Swiss-Pro
GeneFarm, structural and functional annotation of Arabidopsis gene and protein families by a network of experts
Genomic projects heavily depend on genome annotations and are limited by the current deficiencies in the published predictions of gene structure and function. It follows that, improved annotation will allow better data mining of genomes, and more secure planning and design of experiments. The purpose of the GeneFarm project is to obtain homogeneous, reliable, documented and traceable annotations for Arabidopsis nuclear genes and gene products, and to enter them into an added-value database. This re-annotation project is being performed exhaustively on every member of each gene family. Performing a family-wide annotation makes the task easier and more efficient than a gene-by-gene approach since many features obtained for one gene can be extrapolated to some or all the other genes of a family. A complete annotation procedure based on the most efficient prediction tools available is being used by 16 partner laboratories, each contributing annotated families from its field of expertise. A database, named GeneFarm, and an associated user-friendly interface to query the annotations have been developed. More than 3000 genes distributed over 300 families have been annotated and are available at http://genoplante-info.infobiogen.fr/Genefarm/. Furthermore, collaboration with the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics is underway to integrate the GeneFarm data into the protein knowledgebase Swiss-Prot
French Roadmap for complex Systems 2008-2009
This second issue of the French Complex Systems Roadmap is the outcome of the
Entretiens de Cargese 2008, an interdisciplinary brainstorming session
organized over one week in 2008, jointly by RNSC, ISC-PIF and IXXI. It
capitalizes on the first roadmap and gathers contributions of more than 70
scientists from major French institutions. The aim of this roadmap is to foster
the coordination of the complex systems community on focused topics and
questions, as well as to present contributions and challenges in the complex
systems sciences and complexity science to the public, political and industrial
spheres
A comparative study of the fertility in di-and tetraploid red clover of Transylvania
Data on the fertility potential and the selfcompatibility degree of di-and tetraploids are presented undercross and self-, free-and artificial pollination conditions in certain developmental stages to 30 days after pollination
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